Jackson Estuarine Laboratory
Ditching and Ditch-Plugging in New England Salt Marshes: Effects on Hydrology, Elevation, and Soil Characteristics
Abstract
Anthropogenic activities in New England salt marshes have altered hydrologic flows in various ways, but unintended consequences from some types of habitat modifications have received little attention. Specifically, ditches have existed on salt marshes for decades, but the effects of these hydrologic alterations are only poorly understood. Ditch-plugging is a more recent methodology used for salt marsh habitat enhancement and mosquito control, but the long-term effects from this management practice are also unclear. The interactions involving marsh surface elevation, soil characteristics, and hydrologic regimes result in feedbacks that regulate the salt marsh self-maintenance process, and these interactions vary with hydrologic modification. Using natural tidal creeks and pools as controls, we examined the effects of ditching and plugging, respectively, on hydrology, surface elevations, and soils. Results showed the most apparent effects of altered hydrology from ditching are prolonged pore-water retention in the rooting zone and significantly lower soil bulk density and mineral content when compared with natural creek habitat. From a management perspective, the important question is whether the combined alterations to physical and biological processes will hinder the marsh’s ability to keep pace with increasing rates of sea level rise, especially in more heavily ditched marshes. In contrast, ditch-plugging results in the decoupling of feedback processes that promote salt marsh self-maintenance and in doing so, threatens marsh stability and resilience to climate change. High surface water levels, permanently saturated soils, marsh subsidence, and significantly lower bulk density, carbon storage, soil strength, and redox levels associated with hydrologic alterations from ditch-plugging all support this conclusion.
Department
Jackson Estuarine Laboratory, Natural Resources and the Environment
Publication Date
5-1-2013
Journal Title
Estuaries and Coasts
Publisher
Springer
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
10.1007/s12237-012-9583-y
Document Type
Article
Rights
© Coastal and Estuarine Research Federation 2013
Recommended Citation
Vincent, R.E., D.M. Burdick and M. Dionne. 2013. Ditching and ditch-plugging in New England salt marshes: Effects on hydrology, elevation and soil characteristics. Estuaries and Coasts 36: 610-625. http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12237-012-9583-y