Abstract

Where people end up in the income and wealth distribution has a powerful and lasting influence on how healthy they are and how long they live. This is not just a story about poverty versus comfort. Across the entire population, health improves step by step as financial resources increase. Researchers call this pattern the health gradient.

This brief explains why that gradient exists. Drawing on decades of research from economics, public health, and social epidemiology, it shows how limited financial resources shape health through multiple pathways that unfold over different time horizons—from immediate consequences to cumulative effects that build over a lifetime.

Department

College of Health and Human Services Institute for Health Policy and Practice

Publication Date

Winter 1-2026

Grant/Award Number and Agency

Endowment for Health

Document Type

Article

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