Date of Award

Fall 2025

Project Type

Thesis

Program or Major

History

Degree Name

Master of Arts

First Advisor

Eliga Gould

Second Advisor

Jessica Lepler

Third Advisor

Jason Sokol

Abstract

In the mid-eighteenth century, the number of enslaved people baptized into the Protestant church increased in the British Atlantic. Many historians have argued that the increase occurred by highlighting scriptural debates between slave owners and missionaries. Many slave owners believed that being Christian was synonymous with being free, but missionaries staunchly opposed this view. To change slave owners’ minds, missionaries argued that Protestantism made enslaved people “better behaved.” However, I believe that the reason slave owners became more willing to baptize enslaved people had more to do with external factors. The British were surrounded by many antagonistic Native tribes and Catholic enemies, and these two groups often interacted with enslaved people to incite rebellion in British colonies. By highlighting that Protestantism could be a vessel for spiritual control, missionaries ultimately convinced slave owners to allow the baptism of enslaved people to increase the slave owners’ security, both socially and economically.

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