Analyzing Seasonal Wind Trends and Climate Change Impacts Along the East Coast of the United States (1990-2022)

Author

Avery L. Wilson, University of New Hampshire, DurhamFollow

Date of Award

Spring 2025

Project Type

Senior Honors Thesis

College or School

CEPS

Department

Earth Sciences

Program or Major

Earth Science Oceanography

Degree Name

Bachelor of Science

First Advisor

Jamie Pringle

Abstract

This study investigates long-term trends in ocean wind intensity and variability along the U.S. East Coast between 1990 and 2022 using ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis data. Focusing on monthly maximum, mean, and standard deviation (STD) of wind speed at 10 meters above the surface, linear regressions were performed to analyze long-term trends. Results indicate a significant increase in wind intensity and variability in the northeastern region, particularly during winter months, which may forecast more frequent and intense cyclonic activity such as Nor’easters. Conversely, a weak decreasing trend was observed in the south. These shifts have implications for ocean-atmosphere dynamics, including vertical mixing in the water column and CO₂ exchange, as well as for offshore wind energy planning—where stronger and more variable winds can enhance power generation potential but also introduce new challenges. The study underscores the importance of continued monitoring and analysis to support climate adaptation and energy infrastructure strategies.

Recommended Citation

Wilson, Avery L., "Analyzing Seasonal Wind Trends and Climate Change Impacts Along the East Coast of the United States (1990-2022)" (2025). Honors Theses and Capstones. 889.
https://scholars.unh.edu/honors/889