Observations of Low and Intermediate Spectral Peak Blazars with the Imaging X-Ray Polarimetry Explorer

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Authors

• Herman L. Marshall, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
• Ioannis Liodakis, NASA Marshall Space Flight Center
• Alan P. Marscher, Boston University
• Niccolò Di Lalla, Stanford University
• Svetlana G. Jorstad, Boston University
• Dawoon E. Kim, INAF Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali
• Riccardo Middei, Space Science Data Center
• Michela Negro, Louisiana State University
• Nicola Omodei, Stanford University
• Abel L. Peirson, Stanford University
• Matteo Perri, Space Science Data Center
• Simonetta Puccetti, Space Science Data Center
• Marco Laurenti, Space Science Data Center
• Iván Agudo, Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (CSIC)
• Giacomo Bonnoli, Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (CSIC)
• Andrei V. Berdyugin, University of Turku
• Elisabetta Cavazzuti, Agenzia Spaziale Italiana
• Nicole Rodriguez Cavero, Washington University
• Immacolata Donnarumma, Agenzia Spaziale Italiana
• Laura Di Gesu, Agenzia Spaziale Italiana
• Jenni Jormanainen, University of Turku
• Henric Krawczynski, Washington University
• Elina Lindfors, University of Turku
• Greg Madjeski, Stanford University
• Frédéric Marin, Université de Strasbourg
• Francesco Massaro, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare
• Luigi Pacciani, INAF Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali
• Juri Poutanen, University of Turku
• Fabrizio Tavecchio, INAF—Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera
• Pouya M. Kouch, University of Turku
• Francisco José Aceituno, Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (CSIC)
• Maria I. Bernardos, Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (CSIC)
• Víctor Casanova, Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (CSIC)
• Maya García-Comas, Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (CSIC)
• Beatriz Agís-González, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas
• César Husillos, Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (CSIC)
• Alessandro Marchini, University of Siena
• Alfredo Sota, Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (CSIC)
• Dmitry Blinov, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas
• Ioakeim G. Bourbah, University of Crete
• Sebastian Kielhmann, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas
• Evangelos Kontopodis, University of Crete
• Nikos Mandarakas, University of Crete
• Stylianos Romanopoulos, University of Crete
• Raphael Skalidis, University of Crete
• Anna Vervelaki, University of Crete
• George A. Borman, Crimean Astrophysical Observatory RAS
• Evgenia N. Kopatskaya, Saint Petersburg State University
• Elena G. Larionova, Saint Petersburg State University
• Daria A. Morozova, Saint Petersburg State University
• Sergey S. Savchenko, Saint Petersburg State University
• Andrey A. Vasilyev, Saint Petersburg State University
• Alexey V. Zhovtan, Crimean Astrophysical Observatory RAS
• Carolina Casadio, University of Crete
• Juan Escudero, Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC
• Joana Kramer, Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
• Ioannis Myserlis, Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique
• Efthalia Trainou, Instituto de Astrofísicade Andalucía
• Ryo Imazawa, Hiroshima University Kagamiyama
• Mahito Sasada, Tokyo Institute of Technology
• Yasushi Fukazawa, Hiroshima University Kagamiyama
• Koji S. Kawabata, Hiroshima University Kagamiyama
• Makoto Uemura, Hiroshima University Kagamiyama
• Tsunefumi Mizuno, Hiroshima University
• Tatsuya Nakaoka, Hiroshima University
• Hiroshi Akitaya, Chiba Institute of Technology
• Joseph R. Masiero, California Institute of Technology
• Dimitri Mawet, California Institute of Technology
• Georgia V. Panopoulou, California Institute of Technology
• Samaporn Tinyanont, University of California Santa Cruz
• Masato Kagitani, Tohoku University
• Vadim Kravtsov, University of Turku
• Takeshi Sakanoi, Tohoku University
• Matthew Dattolo, Boston University
• Mark Gurwell, Harvard & Smithsonian
• Garrett Keating, Harvard & Smithsonian
• Ramprasad Rao, Harvard & Smithsonian
• Whee Yeon Cheong, Korea Astronomy & Space Science Institute
• Hyeon-Woo Jeong, Korea Astronomy & Space Science Institute
• Sincheol Kang, Korea Astronomy & Space Science Institute
• Sang-Hyun Kim, Korea Astronomy & Space Science Institute
• Sang-Sung Lee, Korea Astronomy & Space Science Institute
• Emmanouil Angelakis, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
• Alexander Kraus, Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie
• Antonio Hales, Joint ALMA Observatory
• Seiji Kameno, Joint ALMA Observatory
• Ruediger Kneissl, European Southern Observatory
• Hugo Messias, Joint ALMA Observatory
• Hiroshi Nagai, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
• Lucio A. Antonelli, Space Science Data Center
• Matteo Bachetti, INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari
• Luca Baldini, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare
• Wayne H. Baumgartner, NASA Marshall Space Flight Center
• Ronaldo Bellazzini, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare
• Stefano Bianchi, Università degli Studi Roma Tre
• Stephen D. Bongiorno, NASA Marshall Space Flight Center
• Raffaella Bonino, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare
• Alessandro Brez, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare
• Niccolò Bucciantini, INAF Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri
• Fiamma Capitanio, INAF Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali
• Simone Castellano, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare
• Chen-Ting Chen, Universities Space Research Association
• Stefano Ciprini, Space Science Data Center
• Enrico Costa, INAF Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali
• Alessandra De Rosa, INAF Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali
• Ettore Del Monte, INAF Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali
• Alessandro Di Marco, INAF Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali
• Victor Doroshenko, Universität Tübingen
• Michal Dovčiak, Astronomical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences
• Steven R. Ehlert, NASA Marshall Space Flight Center
• Teruaki Enoto, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research
• Yuri Evangelista, INAF Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali
• Sergio Fabiani, INAF Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali
• Riccardo Ferrazzoli, INAF Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali
• Javier A. Garcia, California Institute of Technology
• Shuichi Gunji, Yamagata University
• Kiyoshi Hayashida, Osaka University
• Jeremy Heyl, University of British Columbia
• Wataru Iwakiri, Chiba University
• Philip Kaaret, NASA Marshall Space Flight Center
• Vladimir Karas, Astronomical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences
• Fabian Kislat, University of New Hampshire, DurhamFollow

Abstract

We present X-ray polarimetry observations from the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE) of three low spectral peak and one intermediate spectral peak blazars, namely 3C 273, 3C 279, 3C 454.3, and S5 0716+714. For none of these objects was IXPE able to detect X-ray polarization at the 3σ level. However, we placed upper limits on the polarization degree at ∼10%–30%. The undetected polarizations favor models where the X-ray band is dominated by unpolarized photons upscattered by relativistic electrons in the jets of blazars, although hadronic models are not completely eliminated. We discuss the X-ray polarization upper limits in the context of our contemporaneous multiwavelength polarization campaigns.

Department

Space Science Center; Physics

Publication Date

8-26-2024

Journal Title

The Astrophysical Journal

Publisher

American Astronomical Society

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

https://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad5671

Document Type

Article

Recommended Citation

Herman L. Marshall et al 2024 ApJ 972 74

Rights

© 2024. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.

Comments

This is an open access article published by American Astronomical Society in The Astrophysical Journal in 2024, available online: https://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad5671