Observations of Low and Intermediate Spectral Peak Blazars with the Imaging X-Ray Polarimetry Explorer

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Authors

Herman L. Marshall, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Ioannis Liodakis, NASA Marshall Space Flight Center
Alan P. Marscher, Boston University
Niccolò Di Lalla, Stanford University
Svetlana G. Jorstad, Boston University
Dawoon E. Kim, INAF Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali
Riccardo Middei, Space Science Data Center
Michela Negro, Louisiana State University
Nicola Omodei, Stanford University
Abel L. Peirson, Stanford University
Matteo Perri, Space Science Data Center
Simonetta Puccetti, Space Science Data Center
Marco Laurenti, Space Science Data Center
Iván Agudo, Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (CSIC)
Giacomo Bonnoli, Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (CSIC)
Andrei V. Berdyugin, University of Turku
Elisabetta Cavazzuti, Agenzia Spaziale Italiana
Nicole Rodriguez Cavero, Washington University
Immacolata Donnarumma, Agenzia Spaziale Italiana
Laura Di Gesu, Agenzia Spaziale Italiana
Jenni Jormanainen, University of Turku
Henric Krawczynski, Washington University
Elina Lindfors, University of Turku
Greg Madjeski, Stanford University
Frédéric Marin, Université de Strasbourg
Francesco Massaro, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare
Luigi Pacciani, INAF Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali
Juri Poutanen, University of Turku
Fabrizio Tavecchio, INAF—Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera
Pouya M. Kouch, University of Turku
Francisco José Aceituno, Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (CSIC)
Maria I. Bernardos, Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (CSIC)
Víctor Casanova, Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (CSIC)
Maya García-Comas, Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (CSIC)
Beatriz Agís-González, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas
César Husillos, Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (CSIC)
Alessandro Marchini, University of Siena
Alfredo Sota, Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (CSIC)
Dmitry Blinov, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas
Ioakeim G. Bourbah, University of Crete
Sebastian Kielhmann, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas
Evangelos Kontopodis, University of Crete
Nikos Mandarakas, University of Crete
Stylianos Romanopoulos, University of Crete
Raphael Skalidis, University of Crete
Anna Vervelaki, University of Crete
George A. Borman, Crimean Astrophysical Observatory RAS
Evgenia N. Kopatskaya, Saint Petersburg State University
Elena G. Larionova, Saint Petersburg State University
Daria A. Morozova, Saint Petersburg State University
Sergey S. Savchenko, Saint Petersburg State University
Andrey A. Vasilyev, Saint Petersburg State University
Alexey V. Zhovtan, Crimean Astrophysical Observatory RAS
Carolina Casadio, University of Crete
Juan Escudero, Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC
Joana Kramer, Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
Ioannis Myserlis, Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique
Efthalia Trainou, Instituto de Astrofísicade Andalucía
Ryo Imazawa, Hiroshima University Kagamiyama
Mahito Sasada, Tokyo Institute of Technology
Yasushi Fukazawa, Hiroshima University Kagamiyama
Koji S. Kawabata, Hiroshima University Kagamiyama
Makoto Uemura, Hiroshima University Kagamiyama
Tsunefumi Mizuno, Hiroshima University
Tatsuya Nakaoka, Hiroshima University
Hiroshi Akitaya, Chiba Institute of Technology
Joseph R. Masiero, California Institute of Technology
Dimitri Mawet, California Institute of Technology
Georgia V. Panopoulou, California Institute of Technology
Samaporn Tinyanont, University of California Santa Cruz
Masato Kagitani, Tohoku University
Vadim Kravtsov, University of Turku
Takeshi Sakanoi, Tohoku University
Matthew Dattolo, Boston University
Mark Gurwell, Harvard & Smithsonian
Garrett Keating, Harvard & Smithsonian
Ramprasad Rao, Harvard & Smithsonian
Whee Yeon Cheong, Korea Astronomy & Space Science Institute
Hyeon-Woo Jeong, Korea Astronomy & Space Science Institute
Sincheol Kang, Korea Astronomy & Space Science Institute
Sang-Hyun Kim, Korea Astronomy & Space Science Institute
Sang-Sung Lee, Korea Astronomy & Space Science Institute
Emmanouil Angelakis, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
Alexander Kraus, Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie
Antonio Hales, Joint ALMA Observatory
Seiji Kameno, Joint ALMA Observatory
Ruediger Kneissl, European Southern Observatory
Hugo Messias, Joint ALMA Observatory
Hiroshi Nagai, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
Lucio A. Antonelli, Space Science Data Center
Matteo Bachetti, INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari
Luca Baldini, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare
Wayne H. Baumgartner, NASA Marshall Space Flight Center
Ronaldo Bellazzini, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare
Stefano Bianchi, Università degli Studi Roma Tre
Stephen D. Bongiorno, NASA Marshall Space Flight Center
Raffaella Bonino, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare
Alessandro Brez, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare
Niccolò Bucciantini, INAF Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri
Fiamma Capitanio, INAF Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali
Simone Castellano, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare
Chen-Ting Chen, Universities Space Research Association
Stefano Ciprini, Space Science Data Center
Enrico Costa, INAF Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali
Alessandra De Rosa, INAF Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali
Ettore Del Monte, INAF Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali
Alessandro Di Marco, INAF Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali
Victor Doroshenko, Universität Tübingen
Michal Dovčiak, Astronomical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences
Steven R. Ehlert, NASA Marshall Space Flight Center
Teruaki Enoto, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research
Yuri Evangelista, INAF Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali
Sergio Fabiani, INAF Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali
Riccardo Ferrazzoli, INAF Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali
Javier A. Garcia, California Institute of Technology
Shuichi Gunji, Yamagata University
Kiyoshi Hayashida, Osaka University
Jeremy Heyl, University of British Columbia
Wataru Iwakiri, Chiba University
Philip Kaaret, NASA Marshall Space Flight Center
Vladimir Karas, Astronomical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences
Fabian Kislat, University of New Hampshire, DurhamFollow

Abstract

We present X-ray polarimetry observations from the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE) of three low spectral peak and one intermediate spectral peak blazars, namely 3C 273, 3C 279, 3C 454.3, and S5 0716+714. For none of these objects was IXPE able to detect X-ray polarization at the 3σ level. However, we placed upper limits on the polarization degree at ∼10%–30%. The undetected polarizations favor models where the X-ray band is dominated by unpolarized photons upscattered by relativistic electrons in the jets of blazars, although hadronic models are not completely eliminated. We discuss the X-ray polarization upper limits in the context of our contemporaneous multiwavelength polarization campaigns.

Department

Space Science Center; Physics

Publication Date

8-26-2024

Journal Title

The Astrophysical Journal

Publisher

American Astronomical Society

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

https://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad5671

Document Type

Article

Recommended Citation

Herman L. Marshall et al 2024 ApJ 972 74

Rights

© 2024. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.

Comments

This is an open access article published by American Astronomical Society in The Astrophysical Journal in 2024, available online: https://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad5671