Multispacecraft Observations of a Widespread Solar Energetic Particle Event on 2022 February 15–16

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Authors

L Y. Khoo, Princeton University
B Sánchez-Cano, University of Leicester
C O. Lee, University of California, Berkeley
L Rodríguez-García, Universidad de Alcalá
A Kouloumvakos, Johns Hopkins University
E Palmerio, Predictive Science Inc.
F Carcaboso, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
D Lario, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
N Dresing, University of Turku
C M S Cohen, California Institute of Technology
D J. McComas, Princeton University
B J. Lynch, University of California, Berkeley
F Fraschetti, Lunar and Planetary Lab
I C. Jebaraj, University of Turku
J G. Mitchell, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
T Nieves-Chinchilla, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
V Krupar, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
D Pacheco, University of Science and Technology of China
J Giacalone, Lunar and Planetary Lab
H Auster, TU Braunschweig
J Benkhoff, European Space Agency
X Bonnin, Sorbonne Université
E R. Christian, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
B Ehresmann, Southwest Research Institute
A Fedeli, University of Turku
D. Fischer, Austrian Academy of Sciences
D. Heyner, Institut für Geophysik und extraterrestrische Physik
M. Holmström, Swedish Institute of Space Physics
R. A. Leske, California Institute of Technology
M. Maksimovic, Université de Paris
J. Z. D. Mieth, Institut für Geophysik und extraterrestrische Physik
P. Oleynik, University of Turku
M. Pinto, European Space Agency
I. Richter, Institut für Geophysik und extraterrestrische Physik
J. Rodríguez-Pacheco, Universidad de Alcalá
Nathan A. Schwadron, University of New Hampshire, DurhamFollow
D. Schmid, Austrian Academy of Sciences
D. Telloni, Astrophysical Observatory of Torino
A. Vecchio, Sorbonne Université
M. E. Wiedenbeck, Jet Propulsion Laboratory

Abstract

On 2022 February 15–16, multiple spacecraft measured one of the most intense solar energetic particle (SEP) events observed so far in Solar Cycle 25. This study provides an overview of interesting observations made by multiple spacecraft during this event. Parker Solar Probe (PSP) and BepiColombo were close to each other at 0.34–0.37 au (a radial separation of ∼0.03 au) as they were impacted by the flank of the associated coronal mass ejection (CME). At about 100° in the retrograde direction and 1.5 au away from the Sun, the radiation detector on board the Curiosity surface rover observed the largest ground-level enhancement on Mars since surface measurements began. At intermediate distances (0.7–1.0 au), the presence of stream interaction regions (SIRs) during the SEP arrival time provides additional complexities regarding the analysis of the distinct contributions of CME-driven versus SIR-driven events in observations by spacecraft such as Solar Orbiter and STEREO-A, and by near-Earth spacecraft like ACE, SOHO, and WIND. The proximity of PSP and BepiColombo also enables us to directly compare their measurements and perform cross-calibration for the energetic particle instruments on board the two spacecraft. Our analysis indicates that energetic proton measurements from BepiColombo and PSP are in reasonable agreement with each other to within a factor of ∼1.35. Finally, this study introduces the various ongoing efforts that will collectively improve our understanding of this impactful, widespread SEP event.

Department

Space Science Center

Publication Date

3-1-2024

Journal Title

The Astrophysical Journal

Publisher

American Astronomical Society

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

https://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad167f

Document Type

Article

Recommended Citation

L. Y. Khoo et al 2024 ApJ 963 107

Rights

© 2024. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.

Comments

This is an open access article published by American Astronomical Society in The Astrophysical Journal in 2024, available online: https://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad167f